Shanghai's urban development demonstrates technical efficiency nearly at its peak, consequently reducing the likelihood of significant improvements in comprehensive efficacy through additional technological investment in the context of modern urban renewal. Although scale efficiency is slightly less than technical efficiency, there's potential for improvement. The urbanization process in Shanghai's early years exhibited excessive total energy consumption and general public budget input, resulting in diminished efficiency, a pattern now reversing. To achieve optimal urbanization efficiency in Shanghai, increasing the total retail sales of social consumer goods and the output of built-up area is crucial, in terms of the output index of urbanization.
This research project spotlights the consequences of incorporating phosphogypsum into geopolymer matrices, particularly those built using metakaolin or fly ash, in terms of their fresh and hardened characteristics. The fresh material's workability and setting behavior were studied using both rheological and electrical conductivity techniques. latent autoimmune diabetes in adults Characterization of the hardened state was performed using XRD, DTA, SEM analysis, and compressive strength measurement procedures. Workability investigations showed that the presence of phosphogypsum resulted in elevated viscosity, limiting the maximum phosphogypsum content to 15 weight percent for metakaolin-based matrices and 12 weight percent for fly ash-based matrices. Both types of mixtures displayed a delayed setting response. Matrix analyses indicate the occurrence of gypsum dissolution and the concomitant creation of sodium sulfate and calcium silicate hydrate. Furthermore, the incorporation of phosphogypsum into these matrices, up to a mass fraction of 6%, demonstrates no substantial impact on the mechanical resilience. Above the specified addition rate, the matrices' compressive strength, initially at 55 MPa, decreases to 35 MPa in the metakaolin-based matrix and 25 MPa in the fly ash-based matrix, when the addition rate reaches 12 wt%. The degradation is, in all likelihood, due to the porosity enhancement generated by the incorporation of phosphogypsum.
Employing linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag techniques, and Granger causality tests, this research investigates the intricate relationship between renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, economic development, and service sector expansion in Tunisia during the 1980-2020 period. Based on empirical linear analysis, renewable energy and service sector expansion are found to have a positive influence on carbon emissions, in the long run. Findings from non-linear analysis revealed the positive long-term effect of a negative energy shock on environmental quality. Of primary importance, over the long term, each modeled variable's impact on carbon emissions has been shown to be one-sided. To simultaneously combat climate change and bolster Tunisia's economy, the government needs to develop a comprehensive plan, incorporating environmental considerations and exploring the potential of renewable energy in conjunction with new technologies. Policymakers should be urged to promote and encourage the application of innovative clean technologies for the production of renewable energy.
An investigation into the thermal efficiency of solar air heaters, using two distinct absorber plates in two diverse arrangements, is the focus of this study. The experiments were conducted under the summer climatic conditions of Moradabad City, India. Four prototypes of solar air heaters have been produced. selleck inhibitor A flat-plate absorber and a serrated geometric absorber (including the inclusion and exclusion of the tested phase change material) were components of the experimental investigation to determine thermal performance. An investigation into heat transfer coefficient, instantaneous efficiency, and daily efficiencies was undertaken, employing three distinct mass flow rates: 0.001 kg/s, 0.002 kg/s, and 0.003 kg/s. Analysis of the study's results demonstrated that Model-4 exhibited superior performance compared to other tested models, yielding an average exhaust temperature of roughly 46 degrees Celsius following sunset. At 0.003 kg/s, a daily average efficiency of roughly 63% was observed. A serrated plate-type solar air heater, not utilizing phase change material, achieves a 23% heightened efficiency in comparison to standard systems; furthermore, it displays a 19% efficiency gain compared to a standard system incorporating phase change material. The improved system proves suitable for moderate-temperature applications, including agricultural drying and space heating.
Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is experiencing a rapid increase in size and development, which is unfortunately creating severe environmental problems and critically endangering human health. Premature death is frequently a consequence of PM2.5 air pollution. In light of this situation, research efforts have examined approaches to regulate and decrease air pollution; the cost-effectiveness of these pollution-control methods is paramount. Our investigation sought to determine the socio-economic damages incurred from exposure to current pollution levels, utilizing 2019 as the base year. A procedure for assessing the economic and environmental advantages of curbing air pollution was established. To provide a thorough understanding of the economic burden of PM2.5 pollution, this study sought to evaluate both acute and chronic exposure effects on human health. A study on PM2.5 health risks encompassed spatial partitioning, comparing inner-city and suburban populations, and detailed construction of health impact maps, categorized by age and sex, using a 30 km x 30 km grid. According to the calculation results, the economic losses stemming from premature deaths due to short-term exposures (approximately 3886 trillion VND) are greater than those from long-term exposures (approximately 1489 trillion VND). For the Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) government's Air Quality Action Plan aimed at 2030, focusing on short and medium-term goals concerning PM2.5 reduction, the data from this study will be essential for developing a detailed roadmap to curb PM2.5's impact on the city's environment during the 2025-2030 period.
With global climate change accelerating, minimizing energy consumption and curtailing environmental pollution are indispensable for sustainable economic progress. Applying a non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA), this paper determines the energy-environmental efficiency in 284 Chinese prefecture-level cities. The study further evaluates the influence of the establishment of national new zones using a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) methodology. National new zones, when established, yield a 13%-25% increase in energy-environmental efficiency in prefecture-level cities, attributable to advancements in both green technical and scale efficiency. Secondly, the spatial consequences of new national zones encompass both positive and negative spillover effects. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of establishing national new zones on energy-environmental efficiency increases with higher quantiles of the latter; national new zones featuring a single city exhibit a considerable positive effect on energy-environmental efficiency, but those with a two-city structure exhibit no significant impact, implying the lack of significant green synergistic growth among cities. This research's consequences for policy, particularly concerning reinforced support mechanisms and regulatory frameworks for the energy sector's environment, are also debated.
The excessive extraction of water from coastal aquifers is a significant driver of water salinization, impacting numerous regions, particularly arid and semi-arid zones, further compounded by rapid urbanization and changes in land use. The research seeks to evaluate the groundwater quality parameters in the Mitidja alluvial aquifer (northern Algeria) and its suitability for various uses, including domestic and agricultural purposes. A study proposing a hydrogeochemical method involving the analysis of groundwater physiochemical parameters (EC, pH, dry residue, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and NO3-) from 2005 and 2017 wet and dry seasons, alongside stable isotope analysis of October 2017 samples, is presented to identify recharge sources The results demonstrate the dominance of three hydrochemical facies, specifically calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate. Groundwater mineralization and salinization stem from both carbonate and evaporite dissolution, particularly during dry periods, and from the intrusion of seawater. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis The concentration of salts in groundwater is significantly influenced by ion exchange processes and, in tandem, by human activities. High NO3- concentrations are concentrated in the eastern part of the study area, an area particularly vulnerable to fertilizer pollution, as further detailed by the Richards classification's recommendation for restricted water utilization in agricultural applications. The 2H=f(18O) diagram indicates that the recharge of this aquifer is principally derived from Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea oceanic meteoric rainwater. The methodology of this study, adaptable to analogous coastal regions globally, can contribute to sustainable water resource management in those regions.
Goethite's adsorptive properties for agrochemicals, including copper (Cu²⁺), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and diuron, were enhanced by modification with chitosan (CS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Pristine goethite effectively bound Cu (768 mg/g, 6371%) and P (631 mg/g, 5046%) in a manner that was restricted to their mixed systems. Single adsorbate solutions demonstrated copper adsorption levels of 382 mg/g (3057%), phosphorus adsorption levels of 322 mg/g (2574%), and diuron adsorption levels of 0.015 mg/g (1215%). The adsorption performance of goethite, modified with CS or PAA, was not particularly impressive. The adsorption amount increased most notably for Cu ions (828%) after treatment with PAA, and also for P (602%) and diuron (2404%) following CS treatment.