Bioactive compound-based dietary interventions have demonstrated the capability of inhibiting the buildup of senescent cells and their associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Beneficial health and biological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are associated with the compound curcumin (CUR), although its potential to prevent hepatic cellular senescence is presently unknown. Dietary CUR's influence on hepatic cellular senescence in aged mice, and the resultant antioxidant benefits, were the focus of this investigation. CUR supplementation's effect on the hepatic transcriptome was assessed, showing a decrease in the expression of senescence-associated hepatic genes in both control and nutritionally-challenged aged mice. Our research indicates that CUR supplementation augmented antioxidant capacities and inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades within the liver, particularly c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in aging mice and p38 in aging mice subjected to a high-fat diet. Dietary CUR's influence included a decrease in nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) phosphorylation, a transcription factor that follows JNK and p38 activation, and a consequent reduction in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum amyloid-associated proteins (SASPs). CUR demonstrated significant potency in aged mice, improving insulin homeostasis and decreasing their body weight. Collectively, these results propose that CUR supplementation might be a viable nutritional strategy aimed at preventing hepatic cellular senescence.
Sweetpotato plants, when afflicted with root-knot nematodes (RKN), suffer significant losses in both yield and quality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral to plant defenses, and the regulation of ROS-detoxifying antioxidant enzymes is precisely controlled during periods of pathogen invasion. The examination of ROS metabolism was performed on three RKN-resistant and three RKN-susceptible sweetpotato varieties in this study. Assessment of lignin-related metabolism, alongside antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), was performed. Elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in both resistant and susceptible cultivars of roots infected by RKN, ultimately yielding increased hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). While H2O2 removal via CAT activity varied between cultivars, susceptible cultivars displayed elevated CAT activity coupled with reduced overall H2O2 concentrations. Elevated levels of total phenolic and lignin content were observed in resistant cultivars, and these were accompanied by higher expression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes, which contribute to lignin biosynthesis. The early (7 days) and late (28 days) infection phases of susceptible and resistant cultivars were investigated for enzyme activities and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. The results unveiled contrasting alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and antioxidant responses across these infection stages. Resistant varieties' superior antioxidant enzyme activities and ROS regulation, as indicated by this study, could be a reason for their reduced root-knot nematode infection rates, smaller RKN populations, and stronger overall resistance to these nematodes.
Mitochondrial fission is a significant component of maintaining metabolic equilibrium, both in typical physiological contexts and during periods of stress. Various metabolic disorders, including, but not limited to, obesity, type 2 its dysregulation, and cardiovascular diseases, have exhibited an association with its dysregulation. In the genesis of these conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital; mitochondria act as both the primary source of ROS production and the prime targets of these ROS. This review focuses on mitochondrial fission's contributions to both normal and diseased states, highlighting its regulation by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mitochondria within the context of metabolic diseases and general health. The potential of targeting mitochondrial fission with antioxidants for ROS-induced conditions is investigated. Lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, compounds like mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1), other fission inhibitors, and medications used to treat metabolic diseases are explored and their effects are examined. Understanding mitochondrial fission is paramount for appreciating its influence on health and metabolic diseases; this review explores the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial fission.
With a focus on improving the quality of olive oil and its byproducts, the olive oil sector experiences constant development. The current tendency is to incorporate more environmentally conscious olives, improving quality by reducing the volume extracted, leading to a higher concentration of antioxidant phenolics. Experimental investigation of a cold-pressing system for olives, prior to oil extraction, included three Picual varieties at different maturation stages, along with Arbequina and Hojiblanca olives at their nascent ripening stages. The Abencor system was employed to extract virgin olive oil, along with its consequent by-products. Phenols and total sugars were quantified across all stages using organic solvent extractions, colorimetric measurements, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV detector. The new treatment yielded a considerable improvement in oil extraction, ranging from 1% to 2%, alongside an up to 33% increase in total phenol concentration. In terms of by-products, the concentrations of the dominant phenols, including hydroxytyrosol, rose by almost 50%, accompanied by a comparable elevation in glycoside levels. The treatment, while not altering total phenol content, successfully separated by-product phases and produced a modified phenolic profile, specifically displaying individual phenols with higher antioxidant potency.
A potential approach to tackling degraded soil, ensuring food safety, mitigating freshwater scarcity, and utilizing coastal areas effectively involves the use of halophyte plants. In soilless agriculture, these plants represent a sustainable alternative crop option for the natural resources. There is a dearth of studies evaluating the nutraceutical potential and human health advantages of cultivated halophytes cultivated using a soilless system (SCS). This research sought to analyze and connect the nutritional content, volatile compounds, phytochemicals, and biological properties of seven halophyte species cultivated using the SCS system: Disphyma crassifolium L., Crithmum maritimum L., Inula crithmoides L., Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods, and Sarcocornia fruticosa (Mill.) A. J. Scott. Regarding the compositional analysis of species, S. fruticosa displayed a significant higher concentration of protein (444 g/100 g FW), ash (570 g/100 g FW), salt (280 g/100 g FW), chloride (484 g/100 g FW), along with various minerals (Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu), a substantial amount of total phenolics (033 mg GAE/g FW), and strong antioxidant activity (817 mol TEAC/g FW). From a phenolic classification perspective, S. fruticosa and M. nodiflorum displayed substantial presence in the flavonoid grouping; in contrast, M. crystallinum, C. maritimum, and S. ramosissima were more abundant in the phenolic acid fraction. Lastly, S. fruticosa, S. ramosissima, M. nodiflorum, M. crystallinum, and I. crithmoides exhibited ACE-inhibitory activity, a critical component for the management of hypertension. The volatile constituents of C. maritimum, I. crithmoides, and D. crassifolium were predominantly terpenes and esters, in marked contrast to M. nodiflorum, S. fruticosa, and M. crystallinum, which were rich in alcohols and aldehydes. S. ramosissima stood out for its heightened aldehyde content. Through the lens of environmental and sustainable cultivation practices, utilizing a SCS for cultivated halophytes, these results point toward a possible substitution for conventional table salt, due to their improved nutritional and phytochemical composition, potentially benefiting antioxidant and anti-hypertensive health outcomes.
The progression of age often results in muscle wasting, which could be attributed to the oxidative stress damage and inadequate protection from lipophilic antioxidants such as vitamin E. To ascertain the interaction between age-related muscle degeneration and oxidative stress from vitamin E deficiency, we investigated long-term vitamin E deficiency in the skeletal muscle of aging zebrafish using metabolomic profiling. Bipolar disorder genetics Zebrafish, aged 55 days, consumed E+ and E- diets for either 12 or 18 months. UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed on the skeletal muscle samples. Metabolite and pathway shifts, evident in the analyzed data, were highlighted in the context of aging, vitamin E status, or both conditions. Aging, we found, resulted in modifications to purines, various amino acids, and phospholipids incorporating DHA. Changes in amino acid metabolism, particularly within tryptophan pathways, were observed in conjunction with systemic changes in the regulation of purine metabolism and the presence of DHA-containing phospholipids, and were linked to vitamin E deficiency at 18 months. Strongyloides hyperinfection In essence, aging and induced vitamin E deficiency, while displaying some commonalities in altered metabolic pathways, also exhibited unique characteristics demanding further study with more conclusive experimental approaches.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), byproducts of metabolic activity, are instrumental in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Selleck ODM-201 ROS, at high concentrations, initiate oxidative stress, which, in turn, triggers cell death. Although facilitating protumorigenic processes, cancer cells' alteration of redox homeostasis positions them at risk of further rises in reactive oxygen species. A cancer therapeutic strategy has been developed by exploiting this paradoxical phenomenon using pro-oxidative drugs.